Amphibian cells in culture. I. Nutritional studies

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Abstract
Nutritional requirements of amphibian cells in culture were studied for the purpose of modifying a minimal medium in which frog cells could proliferate and which could be used for obtaining drug‐resistant and auxotrophic variants. The serum, purine, CO2, and amino acid requirements for ICR 2A (a Rana pipiens haploid cell strain) have been investigated employing two different media: L‐15, a nonbicarbonate, amino acid‐buffered medium and Eagle's MEM, a bicarbonate‐buffered medium. In this paper we present evidence to support the following conclusions: (1) With L‐15 as the base medium, 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) supports optimal cell growth during exponential phase. Calf serum, whole, dialyzed, or heat‐inactivated, cannot substitute for FCS and, in fact, is inhibitory. (2) Purines are required by ICR 2A cells only if grown in a nonbicarbonate‐buffered medium, since the cells under these conditions cannot produce enough endogenous CO2 to support de novo purine synthesis. (3) In addition to the amino acids considered essential for mammalian cells in culture, ICR 2A cells depend upon exogenous asparagine. Glutamine and/or aspartic acid cannot replace the asparagine requirement. However, ICR 2A cells do utilize exogenous glutamine as an oxidative substrate.