Preliminary Evaluation of a Sensory and Psychomotor Functional Test Battery for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Part 2—Industrial Subjects

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Abstract
This study evaluated the Wisconsin functional sensory and psychomotor test battery for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Subjects were 27 employees recruited from a food processing plant. Both hands of all subjects were examined and categorized by presence or absence of symptoms and nerve conduction study (NCS) findings (Symptom−/NCS−, Symptom+/NCS−, Symptom−/NCS+, and Symptom+/NCS+). Symptom−/NCS− category hands had significantly better performance (15–60%) for most of the functional test battery variables than Symptom+/NCS+ category hands. A significant gap detection threshold difference (32%) was observed between NCS+ and NCS− hands regardless of symptoms, with NCS− having impaired performance. No significant effect of CTS symptoms on performance was observed. Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to select the best variables to differentiate between groups. The ratio of the change in pinch rate with respect to required pinch force differentiated NCS+ from NCS− hands, with a sensitivity of 0.71 and a specificity of 0.68. The same variable had a sensitivity of 0.74 and specificity of 0.83 for distinguishing Symptom−/NCS− hands from all other categories. Pinch rate had a sensitivity of 0.82 and a specificity of 0.81 for separating Symptom+/NCS+ hands from all other categories. Use of both gap detection threshold and the ratio of the change in pinch rate with respect to required pinch force could best differentiate Symptom+/NCS+ from Symptom−/NCS− cases for a sensitivity of 0.91 and specificity of 0.87. Outcomes could not be generalized to a specific work population but demonstrate that the non-invasive test battery may be useful for providing objective measures of deficits associated with CTS symptoms and electrophysiological parameters.