Chemistry of the Drone Honey Bee Reproductive System. II. Carbohydrates in the Reproductive Organs and Semen

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Abstract
Three sugars—fructose, glucose, and trehalose—are found in the free form in all the main anatomical areas of the reproductive system, occurring in considerably greater quantities in drones leaving the hive than in drones returning from flight. These carbohydrates are also found in the hemolymph, and there is probably a relationship between their levels there and in the reproductive organs. The same sugars are also found in the ejaculated semen, occurring almost exclusively in the seminal plasma; fructose is rapidly metabolized in seminal ejaculates. The ejaculated semen also contains several metal ions, including iron, magnesium, copper, calcium, manganese, and sodium.

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