Helium Liquefaction by a Two-Stage Gifford-McMahon-Cycle Refrigerator Using New Regenerator Material of Er3Ni

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Abstract
This paper describes the experimental results of the two-stage Gifford-McMahon (GM)-cycle refrigerator using a rare-earth compound as a regenerator material. The purpose of this study was to obtain a practical refrigeration capacity at 4.2 K, where the lowest temperature for a typical two-stage GM-cycle refrigerator is limited to 8 K. The technical point was to adopt erbium 3 nickel (Er3Ni) as a regenerator material. A refrigeration capacity of 0.28 W at 4.2 K was obtained, and the lowest temperature of 3.22 K was achieved. Helium liquefaction by the two-stage GM-cycle refrigerator was also confirmed for the first time.

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