Effects of social experience on visually imprinted maternal preferences in peking ducklings

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Abstract
If Peking ducklings are given social experience with agemates after their initial exposure to a maternal imprinting model (a stuffed mallard hen) their subsequent maternal preferences in simultaneous choice tests are different from those of isolate-reared ducklings. Early in development (at 48 hr after hatching), they show a visual preference for the mallard over a redhead model, a difficult discrimination that isolated birds do not make (Experiment I). However, later in development (at 72 hr after hatching) the social experience interferes with the birds' maternal preferences, in that socially reared birds do not show a visual preference for the mallard over a pintail model, a preference that isolated birds do show at that age (Experiment II). It was found that it is the later social experience with agemates (between 48 and 72 hr) that actively interferes with the preference for the mallard model, because birds that have had only early social experience with agemates (between 24 and 48 hr) prefer the familiar mallard to the pintail model at both 48 and 72 hr (Experiment III). The conventional view of visual imprinting is that it serves to establish a maternal bond that does not require further experience with the mother to be maintained. Our results suggest that in the natural situation, where potentially interfering social stimulation is provided by siblings, continual exposure to the mother may be necessary to maintain the maternal bond even after it has been established.