Nutrients: Impacts and Determinants

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Abstract
Understanding the determinants of nutrient intake and the influence of nutrition on performance is critical in designing policies to alleviate hunger and malnutrition. A series of studies undertaken by the authors, which are synthesized here, analyzes the influence of prices, income, and women's schooling on the nutrient intake of those in developing countries and the effect of nutrition on health, productivity, wages, and fertility. These studies suggest that the impact of food price increases may be strong, particularly among those with the lowest incomes, that the growth of income may be less likely to improve nutrient intake than has been suggested by others, and that women's schooling is important in improving nutrition. These studies also indicate that nutrition exerts a positive influence on wages, productivity, and fertility. Our limited knowledge of the role and determinants of nutrition is reflected in the finding of unduly strong effects of seasonality on price-nutrition relations and the lack of a direct association between nutrition and health.

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