Nomenclature and location of avian hypothalamic nuclei and associated circumventricular organs

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Abstract
Nineteen nuclei and two areas within the avian hypothalamus were identified and located on specific cross-sectional planes of a stereotaxic atlas of the fowl. Latin terms applied to the nuclei and associated fiber tracts were compared among several authors and a suggested standardized nomenclature presented for hypothalamic structures. Nine circumventricular organs (CVOs) were also located throughout the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon of the chicken. A majority of the CVOs were found near nuclei.