Noninfectious X4 but Not R5 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Virions Inhibit Humoral Immune Responses in Human Lymphoid Tissue Ex Vivo
- 1 July 2004
- journal article
- Published by American Society for Microbiology in Journal of Virology
- Vol. 78 (13) , 7061-8
- https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.13.7061-7068.2004
Abstract
Ex vivo human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of human lymphoid tissue recapitulates some aspects of in vivo HIV-1 infection, including a severe depletion of CD4+T cells and suppression of humoral immune responses to recall antigens or to polyclonal stimuli. These effects are induced by infection with X4 HIV-1 variants, whereas infection with R5 variants results in only mild depletion of CD4+T cells and no suppression of immune responses. To study the mechanisms of suppression of immune responses in this ex vivo system, we used aldrithiol-2 (AT-2)-inactivated virions that have functional envelope glycoproteins but are not infectious and do not deplete CD4+T cells in human lymphoid tissues ex vivo. Nevertheless, AT-2-inactivated X4 (but not R5) HIV-1 virions, even with only a brief exposure, inhibit antibody responses in human lymphoid tissue ex vivo, similarly to infectious virus. This phenomenon is mediated by soluble immunosuppressive factor(s) secreted by tissue exposed to virus.Keywords
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