Determination of Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid, and Nitenpyram Residues in Vegetables and Fruits by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection

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Abstract
Determination of 3 neonicotinoid insecticides, nitenpyram, imidacloprid, and acetamiprid, was studied. Vegetables and fruits were extracted with acetonitrile. The crude extract was passed through a weak anion-exchange cartridge (PSA). The effluent was subjected to silica gel cartridge. Imidacloprid and acetamiprid were eluted with 10 mL of 4:6 (v/v) acetone/hexane, followed by nitenpyram with acetone (20 mL). Pesticides were determined by HPLC with a C-18 column and diode-array detection system. Imidacloprid and acetamiprid were recovered at about 90% at the spike levels with 0.2 and 2 mg/kg in cucumber, potato, tomato, eggplant, Japanese radish, and grape. Nitenpyram was recovered at 64−80%. Relative standard deviations were less than 10% throughout all the recovery tests. In the residue analysis, agriculturally incurred pesticides at 0.08−0.14 mg/kg were designated with UV spectra compared with respective reference standards. Keywords: Neonicotinoid; insecticides; nitenpyram; imidacloprid; acetamiprid; HPLC; diode-array; pesticide; food