The protection of barley seedlings from attack by Schistocerca gregaria using azadirachtin and related analogues

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Abstract
Barley seedlings were sprayed with azadirachtin or analogues and the resulting crop protection against Schistocerca gregaria was examined. Any change of the parent azadirachtin molecule resulted in less effective insect control and hence more crop damage. Crop protection by azadirachtin and dihydroazadirachtin resulted from both antifeedancy and toxicity, 3‐tigloylazadirachtol was more effective by direct toxicity after significant ingestion and bromoethoxyazadirachtin showed extremely low antifeedant and insecticidal properties. S. gregaria was shown to be very sensitive to change in the azadirachtin molecule.