On the Artifacts in Circularly Polarized Emission Spectroscopy

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Abstract
Circularly polarized emission (CPE) is observed from achiral fluorescent molecules dissolved in optically inactive solvents. An extensive investigation is carried out to determine whether or not the signal observed is a true solvent-induced CPE signal. As a result, the following three decisive factors responsible for the origin of the artifact in CPE spectroscopy are presented: (1) the amount of linear polarization in emission; (2) the residual static birefringence of the optical system due mainly to an electro-optical modulator; and (3) the second harmonics response of the lock-in amplifier used in the electronic system.