The molten globule is a third thermodynamical state of protein molecules

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Abstract
Analysis of published data on conformational transitions in relatively small proteins shows that the slopes of these transitions are proportional to the protein molecular weight. It is true both for transitions from the native (N) to the unfolded (U) states (when protein denaturation is coupled to its unfolding) and for transitions from the native to the molten globule (MG) states and from the molten globule to the unfolded state (when protein denaturation is decoupled from protein unfolding). This is precisely the behaviour predicted by thermodynamics for first order phase transitions (‘all‐or‐none’ transitions) in small systems. It follows that N → U, N → MG and MG → U transitions in proteins are all of the ‘all‐or‐none’ type. Thus the molten globule state of protein molecules is separated by an ‘all‐or‐none’ transition both from the native and the unfolded state, i.e. the molten globule state is a third thermodynamic state of protein molecules in addition to the two previously established states ‐ the native and the unfolded.