Evaluation of the Hazardous Characteristics of Two Petroleum Wastes

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Abstract
A battery of short-term bioassays to detect various types of genotoxic damage were coupled with a GC/MS/DS analysis to evaluate the hazardous characteristics of an oily storm water runoff impoundment and combined API separator/slop oil emulsion solids waste. The organic compounds were extracted from each waste with dichloromethane and partitioned by liquid-liquid extraction into acid, base and neutral fractions. Each of these three primary fractions were tested in four strains of S. typhimurium to detect point mutations, six strains of B. subtilis to detect lethal damage to DNA, and haploid and diploid forms of A. nidulans to detect point mutations and various types of chromosome damage. Three of the four bioassays detected genotoxic constituent(s) in the three fractions of the storm water runoff impoundment waste, and two of the bioassays detected (the maximum) genotoxic response in the acid fraction with metabolic activation. The neutral fraction of the combined API separator/slop oil emulsion solids waste induced the maximum genotoxic response in the S. typhimurium and A. nidulans haploid bioassays, while the acid fraction induced the maximum response in the B. subtilis DNA repair assay. Thus, biological analysis detected genotoxic compounds in all three fractions of both wastes; while chemical analysis tentatively identified mutagenic compounds in the extracts of only one of the two wastes.

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