A series of ocean color experiments was undertaken in the southern Benguela Current region during 1978-1980 as part of a coordinated study of the dynamics of the system. The distribution of surface chlorophyll during different seasons and upwelling events, derived from Nimbus-7 CZCS [coastal zone scanner] data is indicative of the complexity of the system which may be divided into 4 quasi-independent regimens. The phytoplankton patchiness was evident and the growth and decay of the blooms which develop offshore of the active upwelling centers could be followed seasonally, while mesoscale eddies were characteristic of the frontal region. The chlorophyll distribution and variation was consistent with hypothesized spawning of the Cape anchovy, Engraulis capensis, the larval transport and subsequent recruitment processes. The potential of the CZCS for environmental monitoring and for fish availability studies is discussed.