Electronic and structural characterization of underpotentially deposited submonolayers and monolayer of copper on gold (111) studied byin situx-ray-absorption spectroscopy

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Abstract
We report on the first in situ study of the electronic state and the structure of underpotentially deposited submonolayers of Cu on Au(111) by x-ray-absorption spectroscopy. We found (i) various ordered adlayer structures, dependent on coverage, time, and direction of the potential scan, and (ii) strong interactions of Cu and oxygen and charge transfer from Cu to Au. During the deposition, the initial (√3 × √3 ) structure at 0.3 monolayer evolved to an equilibrium with the c(5×5). The latter and the (1×1) phases were observed at 0.6 and 1 monolayer, respectively. The three structures are present at 0.6 monolayer during the stripping scan.