Modulation of Ca 2+ Channels by Cyclic Nucleotide Cross Activation of Opposing Protein Kinases in Rabbit Portal Vein

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Abstract
—Cyclic nucleotides are known to modify voltage-gated (L-type) Ca2+ channel activity in vascular smooth muscle cells, but the exact mechanism(s) underlying these effects is not well defined. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the modulatory role of the cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA and PKG, respectively) pathways in Ca2+ channel function by using both conventional and perforated-patch–clamp techniques in rabbit portal vein myocytes. The membrane-permeable cAMP derivative, 8-bromo cAMP (0.1 to 10 μmol/L), significantly increased (14% to 16%) peak Ba2+ currents, whereas higher concentrations (0.05 to 0.1 mmol/L) decreased Ba2+ currents (23% to 31%). In contrast, 8-bromo cGMP inhibited Ba2+ currents at all concentrations tested (0.01 to 1 mmol/L). Basal Ca2+ channel currents were significantly inhibited by the PKA blocker 8-Bromo-2′-O-monobutyryladenosine-3′,5′-monophosphorothioate, Rp-isomer (Rp 8-Br-MP cAMPS, 30 μmol/L) and enhanced by the PKG inhibitor β-Phenyl-1,N2-etheno-8-bromoguanosine-3′,5′-monophosphorothioate, Rp-isomer (Rp-8-Br PET cGMPS, 10 nmol/L). In the presence of Rp 8-bromo PET cGMPS (10 to 100 nmol/L), both 8-bromo cAMP (0.1 mmol/L) and 8-bromo cGMP (0.1 mmol/L) enhanced Ba2+ currents (13% to 39%). The excitatory effect of 8-bromo cGMP was blocked by Rp 8-bromo MB-cAMPS. Both 8-bromo cAMP (0.05 mmol/L) and forskolin (10 μmol/L) elicited time-dependent effects, including an initial enhancement followed by suppression of Ba2+ currents. Ba2+ currents were also enhanced when cells were dialyzed with the catalytic subunit of PKA. This effect was reversed by the PKA blocker KT 5720 (200 nmol/L). Our results suggest that cAMP/PKA stimulation enhances and cGMP/PKG stimulation inhibits L-type Ca2+ channel activity in rabbit portal vein myocytes. Our results further suggest that both cAMP and cGMP have a primary action mediated by their own kinase as well as a secondary action mediated by the opposing kinase.