Cramer-Rao bounds for passive range and depth in a vertically inhomogeneous medium

Abstract
Cramer-Rao bounds are established for passive location in a multipath environment with an array of multiple sensors. The source signature is wideband stationary and the background noise is white. General expressions are derived for the bounds, and the performance gain contributed by the interpath delays over location techniques based on wavefront curvature only (i.e. spatial processing across the array of sensors) is shown.

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