Synthesis of tripodal [2]rotaxanes: high concentration principleElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: experimental details. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b209836a/

Abstract
Symmetrical and non-symmetrical tripodal [2]rotaxanes (1) incorporating 1,1’-disubstituted-4,4′-bipyridinium cations (2) and 34-crown-10 (3) have been prepared directly from 4,4′-bipyridine or from monocationic intermediates in high yields at room temperature and atmospheric pressure under conditions that permit the use of high reagent concentrations (0.1–0.2 M, 150–200 g l−1).

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