Involvement of the TCL5 gene on human chromosome 1 in T-cell leukemia and melanoma.

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Abstract
We analyzed a t(1;14)(p32;q11) chromosomal translocation in a human lymphohemopoietic stem cell line derived from a patient with acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia. The chromosomal joining on the 1p+ chromosome occurred at the T-cell receptor .delta. diversity (D.delta.2) segment, and the reciprocal chromosomal joining on the 14q- chromosome occurred at the T-cell .delta. diversity segment D.delta.1. The involvement of .delta. diversity segments at the translocation junctions suggests that the translocation occurred during an attempt of D.delta.1-D.delta.2 joining in a stem cell. The segment of chromosome 1 at band p32, adjacent to the chromosomal breakpoint, encodes a transcriptional unit designated TCL5 (T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 5). The differential expression of the TCL5 RNA transcripts in this lymphohemopietic stem cell line relative to several other T- and B-cell lines suggests that TCL5 gene expression in an integral event in the pathogenesis of the T-cell leukemia. Rearrangement of the TCL5 locus in a human melanoma cell line carrying a del(1p32) further implies that the TCL5 gene may play a role in maligant transformation.