An X-Ray Search for the Origin of Ferromagnetism

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Abstract
A sensitive null method, employing two crystals and two ionization chambers, was used to detect any change in intensity of an x-ray beam reflected from a magnetic crystal, when this magnetic crystal was magnetized. This method was capable of detecting from 1.0 to 0.1 percent change in intensity, according to the intensity of the reflected beam. Crystals of magnetite and silicon steel were used. No change of intensity was observed, although the theoretical change wasseveral times that which could have been detected. The change in intensity of the x-ray beam was computed on the basis of the alteration of the structure factor due to orientation of electronic orbits by the magnetic field. It is concluded that electrons revolving in orbits within the atom cannot account for ferromagnetism. The models of Honda and Ehrenfest are briefly discussed. On the basis of present atomic models and present experimental evidence it appears that the ultimate magnet should be identified with the spinning electron.