Chromosome studies on the Carex salina complex (Cyperaceae, section Cryptocarpae) in Northeastern North America.

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Abstract
In northeastern North America, the Carex salina complex includes three related species growing on boreal or arctic salt marshes: C. subspathacea Wormsk., C. salina Wahl. s. str., and C. recta Boott. Chromosome studies (numbers and meiotic behaviour) were done on plants from the St. Lawrence River valley, Hudson Bay, and Hudson Strait. In 14 individuals of C. subspathacea, an aneuploid series was found with 2n = 78, 80, 81, 82 and 83; 2n = 81 is a first record, and 2n = 80 and 82 are the only perfectly euploid cytotypes. In 22 individuals of C. salina (2n = 77, 78 and 79) and 25 of C. recta (2n = 73, 75 and 76) no cytotype with a perfectly regular meiosis was found. The three different numbers of C. salina and 2n = 76 in C. recta are new records for these species, respectively. The high frequency of heteromorphic trivalents in these plants seems to indicate that aneuploidy is most likely the result of fission and/or fusion of chromosomes. A formula indicating the maximum affinity pairing (MAP formula) and two euploidy indexes were devised in order to compare aneuploid individuals, cytotypes, and species. These data showed that aneuploid cytotypes of C. subspathacea (2n = 78, 81 and 83) and the 2n = 73 cytotype of C. recta are the least disturbed of all the cytotypes studied. The origin of the various cytotypes is discussed. One case of unreduced microspore in C. recta was found.

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