Induction of Human Osteoclast-like Cells by Treatment of Blood Monocytes with Anti-Fusion Regulatory Protein-1/CD98 Monoclonal Antibodies

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Abstract
We have developed a new and simple system of human osteoclast formation by fusing peripheral blood monocytes with anti-Fusion Regulatory Protein-1 (anti–FRP-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb). When human blood monocytes were cultured in the presence of anti-FRP–1/CD98 mAbs, polykaryocytes began to appear at approximately 15 h and increased in size with time until 3–4 days of incubation with anti–FRP-1 mAb. These fused cells showed positive staining in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, possessed numerous calcitonin receptors, and were capable of bone resorption. These results strongly suggest that anti–FRP-1 antibody-induced multinucleated cells are osteoclasts. Furthermore, FRP-1 antigens were detected in osteoclasts isolated from human bone and in the osteoclast-like cells obtained from human giant cell tumors of bone.