Interaction of CD163 with the regulatory subunit of casein kinase II (CKII) and dependence of CD163 signaling on CKII and protein kinase C

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Abstract
CD163 is a recently identified member of the scavenger receptor cysteine‐rich superfamily, which is expressed on peripheral blood monocytes and most tissue macrophages and is thought to play an important role in the regulation of the inflammatory response of these cells. Cross‐linking of CD163 on glucocorticoid‐stimulated macrophages results in the secretion of several proinflammatory cytokines, but the precise mechanism of CD163 mediated signal transduction is not understood. The existence of several CD163 isoforms, which differ in the structure of their cytoplasmic domains and putative phosphorylation sites, suggests that these isoforms also differ in their signaling mechanism. Using the Yeast Two‐Hybrid system and further in vitro and in vivo studies, we identified the regulatory β‐subunit of casein kinase II (CKII), which specifically binds to the cytoplasmic domain of CD163 and its isoforms. We also found, that in vitro the CD163 isoforms differ in their association with the CKII holoenzyme and in the phosphorylation by CKII. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the cytoplasmic domains of CD163 variants are phosphorylated by PKC‐α in vitro. Inhibition studies using specific kinase inhibitors reveal that both CKII and PKC are involved in the CD163 signaling mechanism resulting in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.

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