Optical metamorphosis of the eye of Salamandra salamandra

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Abstract
Ocular structure before, after, and during metamorphosis of Salamandra salamandra was monitored by means of a freeze-sectioning technique. Attention was directed toward the shape and relative position of the lens, corneal curvature, and the angle formed by the geometrical axes of the two eyes. The larval eye is aquatic in form; i.e. the lens is spherical and in close proximity to the relatively flat cornea. In stages during metamorphosis the lens assumes a flattened shape, corneal curvature becomes more pronounced, and the lens moves relatively closer to the retina. The angle between the two eyes decreases as well. Furthermore, these changes continue through the juvenile stage into the adult. Retinoscopic measurements of refractive state indicate that both the larvae and juveniles are more or less free of refractive error in water and air, respectively.

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