The Use of the Plum Curculio in Toxicological Studies1

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Abstract
A method of insecticide evaluation using laboratory-reared plum curculio, Conotraehelus nenuphar (Hbst.), is reported. Test insects from the laboratory culture responded to the various treatments similarly to field-collected ovipositing beetles but dissimilar to nonovipositing beetles. The evaluation procedure was designed to disclose inherent toxicity and residual effectiveness under natural weathering conditions. Inherent toxicity was determined by topical application and by feeding. In the former, one microliter droplet of insecticide in acetone was applied to the dorsal thoracic area of test insects. Feeding tests were conducted by confining individual ovipositing beetles on treated immature apples. Results of feeding tests were based on reduction in feeding and ovipositionas well as mortality. Residue tests were based on mortality of beetles caged on prune foliage collected from the field at intervals following spraying. Measurements of inherent toxicity can be conducted in the laboratory without regard to season. The evaluation procedure reported is useful in preliminary screening and in accounting for results under practical conditions.