Application of transretinal current stimulation for the study of bipolar-amacrine transmission.

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Abstract
Transretinal current flowing from the receptor side to the vitreous side depolarizes the axon terminals of retinal cells and facilitates the release of transmitter. Such current elicited a depolarizing response in off-center bipolar cells and a hyperpolarizing response in on-center bipolar cells. It also elicited a response of relatively complex waveform in amacrine cells. The responses elicited in bipolar cells were suppressed in the presence of 5-10 mM glutamate in the perfusing Ringer solution, while the responses of amacrine cells persisted, although their waveform changed to a simple one that showed monotonic depolarization irrespective of the type of amacrine cell and were accompanied by a decrease in the membrane resistance. The results indicate excitatory synaptic transmission from bipolar cells to amacrine cells. Since the response elicited by current in ON-OFF cells was almost identical to those elicited in ON or OFF amacrine cells, the transient nature of their light response cannot be due to their membrane properties. ON-OFF cells responded to transretinal current flowing in the opposite direction with a small hyperpolarization accompanied by a resistance increase. The hyperpolarizing response was suppressed by the addition of GABA in glutamate Ringer solution. The results suggest an activation by the current of GABA-ergic feedback pathways from amacrine cells to bipolar cells.