CONVERSION OF DL-LACTATE-2-C14 OR -3-C14 OR PYRUVATE-2-C14 TO BLOOD GLUCOSE IN HUMANS: EFFECTS OF DIABETES, INSULIN, TOLBUTAMIDE, AND GLUCOSE LOAD*

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Abstract
After intravenous in-jection of lactate or pyruvate labeled in the 2 or 3 carbons analysis of the blood glucose concentration and C14 content indicates that the amount of Cl4 calculated to be present in extracellular glucose at 1 to 2 hours was 10 to 15% of the dose for non-diabetics and generally more for diabetics, up to 30% in severe cases. Intravenous administration of insulin or tolbutamide 10 to 20 minutes before the labeled compound decreased the calculated conversion in diabetics to about one-half of the amount found without treatment. Glucose load had a similar effect. Analysis after glucagon administration suggested that insulin and glucose load promoted glycogen formation but tolbutamide did not. Findings may indicate an increase in hepatic gluconeogenesis in diabetes which is decreased by insulin. However, increase in hepatic glucose uptake or glycogen formation are other possible interpretations of the effect of insulin or glucose load.

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