EM autoradiographic study of the projections from the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus: A possible source of inhibitory inputs to the inferior colliculus

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Abstract
The fine structure of the projection from the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) to the inferior colliculus is examined in the cat. Anterograde axonal transport of 3H-leucine and EM autoradiographic techniques are used to label axonal endings from DNLL. The primary finding is that axonal endings from DNLL contain pleomorphic synaptic vesicles and make symmetrical synaptic contacts. This morphology is associated with inhibitory synapses. The projection from DNLL is the source of approximately one-third of the axonal endings with pleomorphic vesicles in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. In the contralateral central nucleus, only labeled endings with pleomorphic vesicles are found. By comparison, on the ipsilateral side, both endings with pleomorphic vesicles and, to a lesser degree, endings with round vesicles are labeled. Endings from DNLL are more numerous per unit area on the contralateral side. About half of the labeled axonal endings from DNLL terminate upon small dendrites, and another third terminate upon more proximal dendrites and several types of cell bodies. Many axonal endings form multiple synaptic contacts, sometimes on more than one postsynaptic structure. Sites of termination for axonal endings include dendritic spines and branch points of dendrites. These data support the hypothesis that the DNLL pathway to the inferior colliculus may have an inhibitory function. Previous studies show that DNLL neurons exhibit immunoreactivity to GAD and GABA antibodies. The crossed projection of DNLL to the inferior colliculus forms tonotopically organized bands that terminate as endings with pleomorphic vesicles. These endings may supply GABAergic inputs to the inferior colliculus. Thus, bands from DNLL could provide inhibitory inputs and overlap with bands from other sources that provide excitatory inputs. Overlapping bands may form unique synaptic domains in the inferior colliculus. The uncrossed projections from DNLL may provide the inferior colliculus with a more diffusely organized projection that could include excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Since the DNLL on one side may inhibit the opposite DNLL and the inferior colliculus, the DNLL pathway may regulate ascending inhibition to the midbrain. Presumed inhibitory inputs from DNLL to the inferior colliculus could be involved in binaural information processing and contralateral dominance.