The Crystalline Pattern of Calcium in Different Topographical Regions of the Otoconial Membrane: An Electron Probe and Spectroscopic Diffraction Study

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Abstract
Quantitative electron probe microanalysis and electron spectroscopic diffraction analysis was used to determine the gradient of distribution of calcium and its crystalline pattern at different levels (lower gelatinous membrane, upper gelatinous membrane and otoliths) in the otoconial membrane of adult OF1 mice. Our quantitative electron probe microanalytical data, obtained with scanning-transmission electron microscopy, indicated that there was a gradient in calcium concentration which increased from the vestibular surface towards the otoliths. Differences between the three regions of the otoconial membrane were statistically significant in both the utricle and saccule. Our results with electron spectroscopic diffraction revealed an increasing crystalline development from the lower gelatinous membrane towards the otoliths. Our findings with both techniques suggest that the gelatinous membrane is involved in the maturation and crystallization of the otoliths.