Rifampin prophylaxis for contacts of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease

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Abstract
Rifampin prophylaxis (20 mg/kg once daily for 4 days) was used in close contacts of children with H. influenzae type b (HIB) disease. Two hours after a dose, the concentration of rifampin in serum and saliva exceeded the minimum bactericidal concentrations of organisms obtained from 4 of the carriers. In both a randomized prospective and an open study, nasopharyngeal carriage was eradicated in 37 (95%) of 39 contacts. No cases of serious H. influenzae disease occurred in 4-6 mo. of follow-up. At the dose and treatment schedule used, rifampin was safe and effective for eradication of HIB carriage.

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