Simulation of brain kinematics in closed head impact

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Abstract
A combination of lumped-mass models is used to simulate brain kinematics for head impacts involving translational and rotational acceleration. Brain motion involves displacement and rotation of the centre of mass within the skull and results in compression and rate-dependent deformation (viscous response VC) of elements connecting the brain to skull and slip along the intracranial surface of the skull. The model is validated with experimental data, and assesses the cumulative effect of complex impacts. It provides responses helpful to interpreting more sophisticated finite element models. Eight Hyge sled tests are evaluated for brain kinematics in various impact and inertial loading conditions. The simulations show that brain acceleration may be >100 g, VC >0.5 m/s, displacement >20 mm, and slip >30 mm in severe head impacts. The study provides perspective on the biomechanics of brain injury.

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