Direct excitation of small-scale motions in free shear flows

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Abstract
The conventional approach to small-scale mixing enhancement in free shear flows by the manipulation of global flow instabilities and the ensuing large-scale vortical structures depends on the classical cascading mechanism to transfer the control influence to the scales at which molecular mixing takes place. Thus the manipulation of mixing at the smallest scales is indirect and only weakly coupled to the control input. The present work focuses on direct excitation of the small scales within the dissipation range of a free shear flow. This approach is demonstrated in a shear layer segment of an air jet emanating from a square conduit. The flow is forced at a frequency that is approximately an order of magnitude lower than the passage frequency of eddies at the Kolmogorov scale using cantilevered piezoelectric actuators. Cross-stream distributions of the streamwise velocity component are measured at a number of streamwise stations downstream of the actuator using hot wire anemometry. Direct small scale excitation results in enhanced energy transfer from the large to the small scales and in a substantial increase in the dissipation and in the decay rate of turbulent kinetic energy.