Measurement of the Four Magnetic Transverse Effects

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Abstract
This paper presents in detail the experimental arrangements and technique used by the author in measuring the four magnetic transverse effects (the Hall, Ettingshausen, Nernst and Leduc effects) on the same strip of metal, in succession. The strip 5 cm long by 2 cm wide by.01 to.06 cm thick depending on the metal, is soldered to two brass end blocks which may be independently cooled or heated with water or steam. The pole pieces, 4.5 cm in diameter and 0.7 cm apart, are thermally insulated from the strip by flannel and mica. The temperature of these pole pieces is adjusted to approximately that of the middle of the strip, by water cooling or heating. Ten thermo-junctions are soldered at various points along one edge and along the median line of the strip and one at the middle of the other edge. These enable longitudinal and transverse potential and temperature gradients to be measured. Various corrections are discussed, including (a) effect of size of thermo-junctions, (b) the effect of the limited length of the strip with reference to the width, (c) masking influence of one transverse effect on another, (d) effects of non-uniformity of temperature gradients due to heat leakage to or from the strip. Also certain precautions in the measurement of the separate effects are given. Results for Au, Pd, Ni, Co, previously published in summary are here given with some details, including corrected values for the Ettingshausen effect for palladium.

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