Active and Passive Smoking and Pathological Indicators of Lung Cancer—A Report of Limited Value?

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Abstract
To the Editor. —The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently issued a draft summary of epidemiological data that they believe suggest that exposure to ETS is a risk factor for lung cancer in nonsmokers. Although some of the assumptions in the EPA risk assessment are still under discussion and the EPA has not issued a final report on this matter, the correlation suggested by the epidemiological studies is certainly worthy of detailed biological investigation. Biologically based hypotheses are normally evaluated in a series of carefully controlled studies in cultured cells, in laboratory animals, and to the extent possible, in humans. Following publication of the EPA draft report suggesting an epidemiological association between ETS exposure and lung cancer risk, our laboratories carried out a series of tests in cultured cells and in laboratory animals to test the hypothesis that biological damage could be caused by concentrations of ETS found in

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