Parainfluenza-3 virus-induced enhancement of histamine release from calf lung mast cells – effect of levamisole

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Abstract
Ogunbiyi, P.O., Black, W.D. & Eyre, P. Parainfluenza-3 virus-induced enhancement of histamine release from calf lung mast cells – effect of levamisole.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.11, 338–344. Clinically healthy calves were divided into five groups. Group 1 served as control; Group 2 received levamisole (LEV), 3 mg/kg, s.c; Group 3 was aerosolized with parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3); Group 4 received LEV and PI-3 and Group 5 was inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica. They were killed 6 days after virus exposure or 5–6 days after bacterial inoculation. Lung mast cells were prepared by enzymatic treatment. Mast cell histamine (HIST) release was assayed spectro-fluorometrically. Total HIST (m̈g/g) in mast cells was as follows (x̄± SEM): control (5.30 ± 0.26); LEV (5.27 ± 0.31); PI-3 (6.37 ± 0.65); LEV ± Pl-3 (6.21 ± 0.51); P. haemolytica (7.06 ± 0.85). Spontaneous HIST release was as follows (% total, x̄± SEM): control (10.38 ± 1.09), LEV (11.95 ± 2.13), PI-3v (73.57 ± 11.97), PI-3v ± LEV (19.50 ± 3.03), and P. haemolytica (70.59 ± 5.94). Calcium ionophore A23187 (5 times 10-6 M) -induced release (% total, x̄± SEM) was: 51.53 ± 3.05, 50.02 ± 2.70, 83.91 ± 4.09, 75.21 ± 4.51 and 70.59 ± 6.91 for control, LEV, PI-3, LEV ± PI-3 and P. haemolytica groups, respectively. Both virus and bacteria increased HIST content of lung mast cells and enhanced ionophore-induced release. Levamisole significantly reduced spontaneous HIST release in virus-infected calves but had no effect on ionophore-induced release. Results suggest a significant role for HIST in pathogenesis of bovine microbial pneumonia and that LEV probably does not modulate non-immunologic release of HIST from bovine lungs.