Application of FISH Chromosome Painting Assay for Dose Reconstruction: State of Art and Current Views

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Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with chromosome-specific composite DNA probes, has been shown to be a valid method for quantifying structural stable chromosome rearrangements (translocations) in human lymphocytes. The inherent stability of translocations over cell generations has enabled them to be used as a biodosemeter. The objectives of the present work are to present the current state of knowledge on the use of FISH for biological dosimetry and to design the future direction of work to validate the technique further. Experiments were designed for validation of chromosome painting assay in humans, monkeys and mice, by analysing translocations in lymphocytes, splenocytes and bone marrow cells, spontaneously occurring and radiation-induced translocation, following in vitro and in vivo exposure. Based on the cytogenetic follow up (up to 8 years) studies in lymphocytes from victims of the Goiania (Brazil) radiation accident, and in the animal models, stability of translocations and the use of FISH measured translocations for retrospective biodosimetry were examined. In addition, FISH assay was employed for dose estimates in populations living in contaminated areas (Gomel) and clean up workers (from Estonia) about 7 years after the Chernobyl radiation accident. The results of these studies are briefly summarised and discussed.

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