Effects of Experimental Defoliation on Growth, Reproduction and Survival of Astrocaryum Mexicanum

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Abstract
(1) The effects of three levels of defoliation at four stages of development of leaf production, reproduction probability, fruit production and survival of an understorey palm, Astrocaryum mexicanum, were studied from 1978 to 1981. (2) Three portions of the crown were factorized with the partial defoliation treatments. (3) Completely defoliated juvenile and immature palms produced significantly fewer leaves than control plants. In mature palms, the removal of the oldest portions of the crown increased leaf production by 30%. (4) Complete defoliation and the removal of two-thirds of the oldest leaves had the effect of reducing leaf abscission in all stages, except for seedlings. (5) Defoliation had a significant effect on reproduction during all years, except 1978. Completely defoliated palms had a lower probability of reproduction and produced no fruits for three years. The removal of a small proportion of the oldest tissue significantly increased fruit production. Defoliations greater than 33% of the total number of leaves reduced the reproductive capactiy of palms, except when the oldest tissue was removed. (6) The survival of totally defoliated juvenile and immature individuals was 50% less than that of undefoliated plants. The survivial of mature individuals was not significantly affected by the defoliation.