Testis function, carcass traits, and aggressive behavior of beef bulls actively immunized against gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

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Abstract
We assessed testis function, aggressive behavior, and carcass traits in beef bulls actively immunized against GnRH at 1, 4, or 6 mo of age. In addition, we examined the effect of combining immunization with insertion of estrogen-containing implants (Synovex C) at 1 mo of age. Unimmunized bulls and steers were included as control animals. All immunized calves received a secondary immunization at 12 mo of age. Anti-GnRH titer was evident at slaughter in all immunized animals. Neither age at primary immunization nor implant status affected (P > .05) anti-GnRH titer at slaughter. Immunization, but not implant status, reduced (P < .05) serum concentration of testosterone and testis weight at slaughter. The final live weight and feedlot gain of immunized and unimmunized bulls were comparable (P > .05). In contrast, aggressive behavior was reduced (P < .05) and carcass quality was improved (P < .05) by immunization. These data suggest that active immunization against GnRH is a practical, noninvasive alternative to physical castration in the management of bull calves.

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