Use of potentials in calculation of electromagnetic fields

Abstract
Electromagnetic fields are generally calculated with the help of auxiliary functions which are called potentials. These potentials can be defined in a variety of ways, some of which lead to economies in computational effort. The paper examines various possibilities in choosing the potentials, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages. Particular attention is paid to the second-order magnetic vector potential and also to the gauge transformations relating the potentials to each other.

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