Torsion viscosimeter for liquid crystals

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Abstract
A new plate–plate torsion viscosimeter designed for the investigations of liquid crystals is described. This viscosimeter enables the measurement of torques at very low shear rates and the simultaneous optical observation of the sample. Short accounts of the application of the viscosimeter to viscosity measurements, to backflow investigations, and to the study of dissipative structures are given. In the case of dissipative structures, self-organization of the torsion pendulum system is observed.