Assigned 64 female undergraduates high and low in general self-esteem to a concept-attainment task either with or without the presence of an audience. Errors on the concept-attainment task and perceptions of performance were examined. Although general self-esteem was not related to actual performance, high general self-esteem Ss estimated that they had performed better and were more confident of their responses than low general self-esteem Ss. A covariate analysis indicates that this difference in performance assessment between the general self-esteem groups tended to be greater in the audience condition. Ss were also divided into high and low specific self-esteem groups on the basis of their pretask estimates of their performance. High specific self-esteem Ss performed better than low specific self-esteem Ss. Low specific self-esteem Ss performed significantly more poorly in the audience than in the nonaudience condition, while the audience variable had no significant effect on the performance of high specific self-esteem Ss. (21 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)