On Two Preglacial Floras from Castle Eden (County Durham)

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Abstract
I. Introduction. In September 1915, 1 and again in December 1918, 2 Dr. C. T. Trechmann described before this Society Drifts underlying the Boulder-Clay of the Durham coast, at Castle Eden. Some of the Drift is found as the infilling of a number of fissures in the Magnesian Limestone which here forms the bed-rock of the district, the whole being overlain by the Boulder-Clay. The fissures vary in width from 5 to 120 feet, the two with which I am here concerned being described as No. 4 & No. 5: of which the former is 27 feet, and the latter, the widest of all, 120 feet wide. Both are exposed on the foreshore between tide-marks after the scouring of the shore by gales, and are seen to run out seawards in a north-east by east direction, approximately at right angles to the trend of the coast, being lost under the sea. The infilling of the fissures is of a mixed character, and consists of various materials that were transported in front of the earliest ice-sheet that advanced upon this part of the coast; the direction of transport being from the north-east. Besides angular fragments of red sandstone, marl, and Magnesian Limestone…there occur clays of different colours, also masses of peaty wood and trunks of trees, which have been torn up from the present area of the North Sea by the advancing ice-sheet, and thrust as glacial erratics into the fissures.' Some of the clays contain seeds, and early in 1918 a few

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