The establishment and maintenance of pregnancy using in vitro fertilization and embryo donation in a patient with primary ovarian failure

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Abstract
Ovarian steroid replacement therapy in the ovariectomized ewe, given in the correct sequence to mimic endogenous steroid changes in the normal ovulatory cycle, allows the development of embryos transferred fit in utero1–3. A similar type of sequential therapy was designed for steroid replacement in women with primary ovarian failure. This produces the histological changes in uterine endometrial morphology and plasma oestradiol and progesterone similar to those observed in the normal ovulatory cycle4,5. We now report that in one of these women a donated oocyte6, fertilized by her husband's spermatozoa7 and cultured to the two-cell stage in vitro, was transferred in utero, resulting in a normal pregnancy and the delivery of a healthy child. Oestrogen therapy was withdrawn at 12 weeks and progesterone at 19 weeks gestation. This technique allows the treatment of human infertility due to primary ovarian failure.