Correlation Loss in Echo Ranging

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Abstract
In a correlation echo-ranging system, many features of any correlation loss may be predicted without considering detailed mechanisms. Correlation loss may be due to both a spreading time delay, τ and a spreading in Doppler-frequency shift φ. First, these effects are considered separately, for one-way transmission and for two-way transmission or echo ranging. Generally, the total correlation loss may be regarded as due to a two-dimensional spreading in the τ-φ plane. When τ and φ spreading are both significant, the loss for an FM pulse is much less than that for a noise pulse. The excess of the two-way loss over the one-way loss may often be about 112 dB for an FM pulse and 3 dB for a noise pulse.

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