Variation in efficiency of food utilization in twin calves I. Individual variation and age trends in efficiency

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Abstract
Efficiency of food utilization from 2 to 18 weeks of age has been examined in 12 MZ and 7 DZ pairs of twin calves fed standard rations. Mean efficiency reached a maximum at about 6 weeks of age; weaning brought about a rapid decline followed by a recovery. Animals became more alike in efficiency as their ages increased. Those animals least efficient shortly after birth were most adversely affected by weaning, although they tended to be relatively more efficient when fully established on either milk or solid food. Relative to the fairly closely replicated age-efficiency trends of identical twins, different pairs followed different trends. These trends, which primarily reflected the variable success with which the calves adapted to new diets, were subject to some genetic control.

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