Sulfide and heavy metal oxide glasses for active fibers

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Abstract
Glass samples have been synthesized from sulfide and tellurite glasses. General chemical compositions are Ge0.25Ga0.10S0.65, Ge0.25Ga0.05As0.05S0.65, (TeO2)-(PbCl2)1-x with x equals 0.4 to 0.6 and (TeO2x-(ZnO)1-x with x equals 0.75 to 0.80. Samples doped with 500 to 12000 ppm rare earth in weight were also prepared. Sulfide glasses were made from pure components using a reactive atmosphere, which lead to glasses with a low OH content. Rare earth doped glasses are homogeneous when RE concentration is less than 3000 ppm. Heterogeneous inclusions arise beyond 1000 ppm RE when doping is made with chloride or oxide. Absorption and fluorescence measurements have been made. A YAG:Nd laser was used for excitation. The evolution of the fluorescence lifetime shown that the emission from the Pr3+ 1G4 level at 1.3 micrometers shows some concentration quenching above 1000 ppm Pr3+. The color and the optical quality of the tellurite glasses depend on crucible materials. Colorless samples are obtained with gold crucible while various colorations or defects are observed with Pt, SiO2 and Al2O3. Rare earth doping result in visible defects or inhomogeneities when concentration is larger than 1000 ppm. The chemical composition and the optical absorption of doped and undoped samples was examined. Fluorescence intensity of Pr and Dy is smaller in these HMO glasses than in the sulfide glasses, this results from higher phonon energy and higher OH concentration. Further development is required for future applications.

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