Oxidation of Guanosine Derivatives by a Platinum(IV) Complex: Internal Electron Transfer through Cyclization

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Abstract
Many transition-metal complexes mediate DNA oxidation in the presence of oxidizing radiation, photosensitizers, or oxidants. The DNA oxidation products depend on the nature of the metal complex and the structure of the DNA. Earlier we reported trans-d,l-1,2-diaminocyclohexanetetrachloroplatinum (trans-Pt(d,l)(1,2-(NH2)2C6H10)Cl4, [PtIVCl4(dach)]; dach = diaminocyclohexane) oxidizes 2‘-deoxyguanosine 5‘-monophosphate (5‘-dGMP) to 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2‘-deoxyguanosine 5‘-monophosphate (8-oxo-5‘-dGMP) stoichiometrically. In this paper we report that [PtIVCl4(dach)] also oxidizes 2‘-deoxyguanosine 3‘-monophosphate (3‘-dGMP) stoichiometrically. The final oxidation product is not 8-oxo-3‘-dGMP, but cyclic (5‘-O-C8)-3‘-dGMP. The reaction was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography, 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The proposed mechanism involves PtIV binding to N7 of 3‘-dGMP followed by nucleophilic attack of a 5‘-hydroxyl oxygen to C8 of G and an inner-sphere, 2e- transfer to produce cyclic (5‘-O-C8)-3‘-dGMP and [PtIICl2(dach)]. The same mechanism applies to 5‘-d[GTTTT]-3‘, where the 5‘-dG is oxidized to cyclic (5‘-O-C8)-dG. The PtIV complex binds to N7 of guanine in cGMP, 9-Mxan, 5‘-d[TTGTT]-3‘, and 5‘-d[TTTTG]-3‘, but no subsequent transfer of electrons occurs in these. The results indicate that a good nucleophilic group at the 5‘ position is required for the redox reaction between guanosine and the PtIV complex.

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