Evaluation of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation interventions with a self-help smoking cessation program.

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Abstract
Personalized feedback and a financial incentive, developed from an intrinsic/extrinsic motivation framework, were evaluated as adjuncts to self-help materials for smoking cessation. Ss (N = 1,217) were randomized to 4 treatment groups and were followed up at 3 and 12 months. Consistent with hypotheses derived from the motivation framework, the financial incentive increased the use of self-help materials, did not increase cessation rates among program users, and was associated with higher relapse rates among those who did manage to quit. The personalized feedback increased both smoking cessation and use of the materials 3 months after distribution of the materials. Continuous abstinence (abstinence at 3 and 12 months) in the group that received the personalized feedback alone was twice the rate of the other groups. Self-help interventions for smoking cessation are promising and cost-effective and may be easily disseminated as part of large-scale health promotion efforts. Several studies have dem- onstrated that cessation rates for smokers who actually use self- help materials are comparable to those for smokers who partici- pate in more intensive group treatment programs (Davis, Faust, & Ordentlish, 1984; Glasgow, 1978; Glasgow, Schafer, & O'Neill, 1981). Unfortunately, the participation (or usage) rates for self- help programs are considerably lower than for group programs (Curry, Marlatt, Gordon, & Baer, 1988; Schneider, Benya, &

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