Consistent Responses by Groups of Subjects to Projective Differential Items

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Abstract
The nonverbal projective differential test item is described and distinguished from semantic differential items. Projective differential items are pairs of abstract visual stimuli, such as inkblots. Subjects choose one of the two projective stimuli as more similar to a concept being rated. Two studies showed that groups of subjects respond in a consistent manner to such items, with most subjects agreeing that one of the two abstract visual stimuli is more like the concept than the other; this is the projective differential response phenomenon. It was argued that subjects are able to express some aspects of the connotative meanings that concepts have for them through their responses to projective differential items. The potential usefulness of nonverbal items in constructing measuring instruments was discussed.