The effects of lamivudine treatment on HIV-1 disease progression are highly correlated with plasma HIV-1 RNA and CD4 cell count

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Abstract
To determine the value of plasma HIV-1 RNA and CD4 cell count as predictors of the clinical benefit of antiretroviral treatment. The CAESAR (Canada, Australia, Europe, South Africa) trial randomized 1840 patients (inclusion CD4 cell count, 25–250 × 106/l) to add either placebo, lamivudine (3TC) or 3TC plus loviride in a double-blinded fashion to baseline treatments (zidovudine, zidovudine–didanosine or zidovudine–zalcitabine) for 1 year. This analysis included 487 patients with data on CD4 cell count and HIV-1 RNA after 12–20 weeks of treatment and subsequent follow-up for clinical progression. The correlation between 12–20-week change in CD4 cell count, HIV-1 RNA and progression to AIDS or death in the placebo group was used to predict the clinical benefit of the 3TC-containing arms of the trial, given their effects on CD4 cell count and HIV-1 RNA. After 12–20 weeks of treatment, HIV-1 RNA fell by 0.37 log10 copies/ml in the 3TC arms versus a rise of 0.05 log10 copies/ml in the placebo arm. The 12–20-week CD4 cell count rose by 35 × 106/l in the 3TC arm versus a fall of 8 × 106/l in the placebo arm. After 12–20 weeks of treatment, a reduction in HIV-1 RNA of 1 log10 at 12–20 weeks predicted a 49% reduction in progression [hazard ratio (HR), 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.30–0.87] and a rise in CD4 cell count of 50 × 106/l predicted a 51% reduction in progression (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.33–0.73). Using the model from the placebo arm, the rises in CD4 cell count and reductions in HIV-1 RNA during 3TC treatment predicted a 59% reduction in progression to AIDS or death. The observed clinical benefit was a 57% reduction in progression for the 3TC arms versus placebo (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.26–0.71). Rises in CD4 cell count and reductions in HIV-1 RNA were reliable in predicting the clinical benefit of 3TC in the CAESAR trial.

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